BACKGROUND: As the material product of socialist construction activities, the socialist built heritage (SBH) represents socialist-era achievements and has unique cultural value. However, political controversy and inadequate conservation awareness have produced an unprecedented crisis. The aim of this study was to draw worldwide attention to the value of SBH to promote future conservation.
背景：作为社会主义建设活动的物质产物，社会主义建成遗产代表着社会主义时代的成就，具有独特文化价值。然而，因政治争议和保护意识不足，这类遗产正面临着前所未有的生存危机。为此，本研究旨在呼吁全世界关注社会主义建成遗产及其价值，以推动未来保护工作。
METHODOLOGY: Taking the current major conservation lists of cultural heritage as a source, 861 emblematic sites have been selected and divided into nine types as well as four stages. Also, the social environmental information was obtained through statistical yearbook. Further, using GIS-based analytical tools, the spatial distribution and spatial-temporal evolution of SBH were analyzed from both typological and holistic perspectives. Geographical detector was then applied to explain the driving factors of these distributional features.
方法：以代表性社会主义国家中国为例，以当前主流文化遗产保护名录为数据来源，遴选出 861 处标志性遗址，并将其分为九种类型和四个阶段。同时，经梳理统计年鉴获取研究时限内经济人口等社会环境信息。而后，利用GIS分析工具，从类型和整体两个角度探讨了社会主义革命和建设时期（1949–1978年）社会主义建成遗产的空间分布和时空演变，并运用地理探测器揭示其驱动因素。
RESULTS: The results indicate that (1) from both perspectives, the SBH presented uneven and clustering distributions compared with other heritages. High-density areas varied by heritage type but were relatively rare in western and northwestern China. (2) Growth stages existed to different degrees for most types and the holistic SBH, primarily from 1953 to 1965. The centers of military heritage, industrial heritage, transport heritage, and the holistic SBH all exhibited north-to-south migration with narrowing and clustering of range areas. Cities such as Beijing, Chongqing and Jining were identified as hotspots. (3) GDP, financial revenue and capital investment constituted the major positive driving factors for the SBH distribution and interacted with other factors, with average altitude ∩ GDP having the strongest interpretation.
结果：研究结果表明：(1) 不论从何角度来看，除其他类遗产（战争等大型遗址地），社会主义建成遗产均呈现分布不均和集群化特点。高密度地区因遗产类型而异，但在中国西部和西北部相对较少。(2) 大多数类型和整体角度的社会主义建成遗产都拥有不同程度的增长阶段，主要为1953–1965年。军事遗产、工业遗产、交通遗产和整体角度的平均中心都呈现出由北向南迁移的趋势，范围缩小且向心聚集。北京、重庆、济宁等城市被确定为潜在遗产富集区域。(3) GDP、财政收入和资本投资构成了社会主义建成遗产分布的主要正向驱动因素，并与其他因素相互影响，其中平均海拔 ∩ GDP 的解释力最强。
